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In a forced vortex flow, an external force is applied to the fluid, such as a rotating impeller in a pump or a spinning rotor in a turbine, to generate the rotational motion. This type of vortex flow is commonly observed in centrifugal pumps, where the impeller imparts energy to the fluid, causing it to rotate and create a swirling motion within the pump casing.
Examples of a forced vortex occurring in practice include samples in a centrifuge, the central core of a stirred mixing vessel, and the motion in the impeller of a centrifugal pump under shut-off conditions when the delivery valve is closed.
Forced Vortex Flow Formula
The forced vortex flow in a centrifugal pump can be described by the following formula:
\[ V_r = r\omega \]
Where:
- \( V_r \) is the tangential velocity of the fluid
- \( r \) is the radial distance from the center of rotation
- \( \omega \) is the angular velocity of the impeller
This formula illustrates the relationship between the tangential velocity of the fluid and the radial distance from the center of rotation, showing how the velocity of the fluid increases as the distance from the center increases.
Free Force Vortex Flow
In contrast to forced vortex flow, free vortex flow occurs naturally without the need for an external force. In a free vortex flow, the fluid rotates due to its own angular momentum, creating a swirling motion. This type of flow is often observed in natural phenomena such as tornadoes and whirlpools.
Forced Vortex Flow Examples
One common example of forced vortex flow is in centrifugal pumps used for pumping water in various industrial and commercial applications. The impeller of the pump rotates at high speeds, imparting energy to the fluid and creating a forced vortex flow within the pump casing. This vortex flow helps to increase the pressure and velocity of the fluid, allowing it to be pumped to higher elevations or over longer distances.
Another example of forced vortex flow is in hydraulic turbines, where the spinning rotor imparts energy to the fluid, causing it to rotate and generate power. The forced vortex flow in turbines is essential for converting the kinetic energy of the fluid into mechanical energy that can be used to drive generators and produce electricity.
Forced Vortex Flow Chart
A forced vortex flow chart can visually represent the flow characteristics of a centrifugal pump or turbine. The chart typically includes parameters such as tangential velocity, radial distance, and angular velocity, illustrating how these factors interact to create the swirling motion of the fluid within the system.
Forced vs Free Vortex Flow
The main difference between forced and free vortex flow lies in the source of the rotational motion. In forced vortex flow, an external force is applied to the fluid to induce rotation, while in free vortex flow, the rotation occurs naturally due to the fluid's own angular momentum. Both types of vortex flow have their unique characteristics and applications, depending on the specific requirements of the system.
What is a Forced Vortex?
A forced vortex is a type of rotational flow in which an external force is used to create a swirling motion in a fluid. This force can be generated by a rotating impeller, rotor, or any other mechanism that imparts energy to the fluid, causing it to rotate around a central axis. Forced vortices are commonly used in various engineering applications, such as pumps, turbines, and mixers, to control the flow and enhance the performance of the system.
Forced Vortex Experiment
The constant C is known as the vortex strength at any radius r, and the angular …
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forced vortex flow in centrifugal pump|forced vs free vortex flow